Down to the wire with the 2026 Chicago City Budget

There is probably no more challenging job in local government in the US than being mayor of Chicago who faces the challenge of handling a myriad of diverse racial, ethnic and economic groups all vying for attention and parity: but, pleasing only some of the people some of the time.

Perhaps the worst part of the job has to be the crafting of the annual city budget, one definitely designed to leave some winners and losers crying foul with mail drops of negative flyers, dive bombing of email inboxes on why nothing proposed will ever work, cue the devil in the details coming to the fore waving his pitchfork, followed by the opening of the doomsday book; and, Mayor Brandon Johnson has found out the hard way when months ago he gathered his advisors to handle a $1.2 billion shortfall, hamstrung by the usual culprits: increased health care costs for city workers, police and fire pensions, mandatory contributions, the dearth of COVID era federal monies and Trump era cuts.

For his critics, and there are many, the worst idea was the so-called “head tax" that by definition places a tax per employee on workers of a certain size at a predetermined amount. And while Chicago has had one in the past, under Mayor Rahm Emanuel in 2014, who quickly dropped it; but, for Johnson, as opposition grew he revised it to $33-per-employee to companies with 500 employees, 175 corporations instead of 1,000, but the mayor still faced brickbats, and critics labeled it a job killer and predicted that major corporations would leave the city in droves.

The monies received would act as a "public safety” to help tackle the many challenges of public safety across the city; and, while car jacking have lessened from two years ago, there are still enough robberies, muggings and beatings to warrant such an effort plus the steady uptick of crime on the city’s El trains, mostly occurring on the Red line, but there was also the recent burning of a woman on the Blue Line.

Johnson stressed that, ".0008 percent could literally create thousands of opportunities for people to drive violence down. I cannot think of a better investment that our city can make than in investing in the things that keep people safe."

In an attempt to pass the plan as a progressive standard, the mayor said it was also a much needed cry to tax the wealthy and have them pay their fair share, a sentiment not unfamiliar over the last decade that echoed across both the liberal and progressive political spectrum.

Others felt differently, the Illinois Restaurant Association tagged it a job killer, even Gov. JB Pritzker was opposed,but there is a long history, and WBEZ took to the stacks to give us some background: “For as long as it’s been alive, Chicago’s employer head tax has been derided — in one colorful way or another — as a job killer.”

“It’s much more than a head tax… it’s a scalping tax,” said the late Ald. John Hoellen (47th) in an hour-long debate four days before Christmas in 1973 when the council approved the policy.

A decade later, even progressive former Mayor Harold Washington said he wanted to reduce and then nix the disfavored tax — requiring companies to pay $4 per month for each person they employ — “in order to stimulate economic growth,” though he never did.

In 2011, when the City Council voted to slash and repeal the policy by 2014, former Mayor Rahm Emanuel applauded Council members and declared, “The head tax is a job killer.”

“Fifty-two years after its inception, those talking points have endured as Mayor Brandon Johnson’s attempt to revive a version of the hated head tax — at $33 a month for employees at companies with 500 or more workers — faces staunch opposition from a group of City Council members sensitive to the concerns of Chicago’s business community.

But the actual effect of the head tax on employment is unclear.” [an] “analysis of city tax data and publicly available economic data, reviewed by four economic and labor experts, found a lack of evidence that Chicago’s previous head tax, or its repeal, is to blame for job loss or growth in Chicago.”

“It really is hard to assign any kind of causation to the head tax,” said Audrey Guo, an economics professor at the Santa Clara University’s Leavey School of Business, who has written two leading research papers on the impact of payroll taxes on employers.”

Ralph Martire, the executive director of the Center for Tax and Budget Accountability told WBEZ,“The city of Chicago has more to offer for business in a business location than suburban Cook does, generally speaking,” he said, pointing to Chicago’s post-pandemic recovery that also has appeared to outpace the suburbs.”

In agreement, “Civic Federation President Joe Ferguson said he, too, has not seen compelling evidence that would constitute calling the head tax a job killer:

Since the city does not keep tabs on how many businesses are in the city with 500 plus employees, their conclusions are at best, estimates.

One very important note, well over forty years ago the then Mayor Richard J. Daley could not wean himself off all of the revenue that supported essential city services such as fire police, sanitation,etc,

Income inequality, the previous concern two decades ago, has now morphed into affordability; and, addressed most recently in the New York mayoral election by candidate Zohran Mandami, now mayor elect, is a key point for any discussion of head taxes, with the effect most keenly felt on those making well below the $100,000 threshold.

Johnson, a former Chicago Teachers Union organizer, and teacher, who had the backing of the CTU to gain office, has continued to hold their support, and in part they issued this statement: 

“Seventy-one percent of Chicagoans support taxing large corporations instead of raising fees on working families, and 74 percent say they’re less likely to vote for an alder who raises fees on residents instead of taxing corporations,” the CTU said.

Within that vein, in a move that many City Hall observers called unprecedented, CBS News Chicago reported last week that “The City Council approved a $16.6 billion spending plan opposed by the mayor last week; with a 29-19 vote to approve the tax revenue package to fund it on Friday and a 30-18 vote to approve the rest of the budget on Saturday.”

“In lieu of the controversial corporate head tax backed by the mayor, his opponents' budget will rely on an increase in the city's plastic bag tax; overhauling the tax on off-premise liquor sales; legalizing video gambling terminals in Chicago; and opening up new advertising opportunities, such as naming rights for bridge houses along the Chicago River, selling banners on light poles, and placing ads on city vehicles.

It also proposes bringing in nearly $90 million from selling some debt owed to the city for unpaid fines and fees, including parking tickets, ambulance fees, and water bills.

In a bid to limit the impact of that debt collection on the city's poorest residents, Johnson signed an executive order prohibiting the city from selling individual city-administered medical debt, such as ambulance fees, and establishing rules for selling debt owed to the city.”

Simply put, the alternative package from the opposing alders is based on regressive taxes and those taxes put the burden firmly on lower income residents. And, with that in mind the mayor will not sign the legislation, nor will he veto it, avoiding a potential onslaught of a city government shutdown but called it “morally bankrupt” despite the fact that it retains 98 percent of what he wanted, and when asked by local media why he won’t sign it, he said,”“Because there are some elements of this budget that, quite frankly, I don’t want to give a signal to the people of Chicago that I support what I believe is one of the most detrimental and immoral aspects of this budget,” 

Not all alders were on board with this budget and one of the most prominent is Alr. Maria Hadden (49th-D) who said in her December newsletter, “It has been hard to cut through all the noise surrounding the 2026 budget negotiation process.  In short, I have grave concerns that the alternative budget proposal is balanced on the backs of working Chicagoans, relies too heavily on speculative numbers and assumptions, will create a mid-year shortfall, and that the process surrounding the alternative budget proposal lacked transparency and basic principles of good governance.”

Regressive taxes, as Investopedia notes, are “Unlike a progressive tax system where tax rates increase with income, regressive taxes like sales, excise, and payroll taxes affect everyone equally but take a larger portion from those who earn less.”

Racing to meet the end of December deadline she noted that the process seemed rushed was also a significant factor along with a lack of transparency and said, “I can’t support a process that I find opaque and rushed. I also cannot accept a process that circumvents scrutiny. Chicagoans deserved better, and I hope this can be a lesson for all in future budget negotiations.”

Saving Grace: new proposed Chicago Schools budget

It was back to school on Monday for Chicago Public School students and controversy has been brewing for the last several weeks in the nation’s fourth largest school system over how to handle a deficit of $734 million and facing new funding challenges on both the federal and local revenue streams; and interim CEO Macqueline King has seemingly done the impossible: crafting a proposed budget that has no classroom cuts, and done so with a combination of debt refinancing, taking custodial services from contractors to in-house governance, central office cuts, a hiring freeze and new revenue including a city based fund surplus from a neighborhood tax incentive program.

In another city, and at another time, King would have been praised but in Chicago with its long history of racial segregation, its love of bare knuckle politics, is not enough for the critics, who are conservatives for the most, who in part have picked and pulled at the proposals, (due for approval by the school board at the end of the month), and they have hammered away at King’s good intentions.

Part of that hellish road is the lack of political will by many in the local leadership community, and state legislatures to tackle the complexities of a large urban school system that is dominated by low income Black and Brown students whose communities have faced historic disinvestment as well as the challenges of harnessing talents to creatively tackle the problems that lie well outside the classroom walls.

In 2018 Chicago schools created a new evidence-based funding formula to define adequate levels of funding to reach established levels and the money to reach those goals using “a minimum ratio of students to core teachers counselors and other central staff, “ according to Chalkbeat Chicago.

Using that formula, CPS needs an additional $1.6 million more to fill a gap of $400 million, much more than what was received last year, and to note not only is Chicago eligible for that amount but also 300 hundred other statewide underfunded districts. 

The good news is that CPS is getting an additional $76 million more as it reaches Tier 1 funding, but, as stated, it is far from adequate, despite it being more than previously thought due to lowered tax revenue and a large increase in English learners.

Reaction has been cautious: “That increase will help schools and students but unfortunately does not keep pace with inflation, the rising costs of operating our schools, addressing capital needs, and proudly serving a greater percentage of students who require more services and programming,” said Mary Fergus, spokesperson for Chicago Public Schools also to Chalkbeat Chicago.

In addition using the same metrics all schools are to be funded at 90 percent adequacy by 2027 but according to WBEZ reporting, the Center on Tax and Budget accountability, “it will take until at least 2034 to reach that level.”

Things came to a head in the last mayoral election with a run from a former social services teacher and organizer from the powerful Chicago Teachers Union, who won the mayoral race, Brandon Johnson, who ran on a progressive ticket and ushered in a new era of Chicago politics coupled with a strong interest in regenerating the public schools.

 

Johnson’s background, however, and his desire to improve the schools along a new path has been met with derision from some, and his earlier efforts to secure a high interest loan from former CEO Pedro Martinez led to a bruising battle of words, and threats, and as city leaders wrung their hands, or gleefully warmed to the ensuing battle, many felt that this was just not just about Johnson, but also for his political agenda.

 

A 26 percent approval rating for the mayor, has further made his handling of the schools, along with the city budget and safety issues a referendum against him, as well as enmity towards the CTU. And in a recent meeting with Illinois state lawmakers Democrat State Rep. Curtis Tarfer said of Johnson, “Part of the reason we are where we are is because of the ineffectiveness and sometimes ineptitude of the fifth floor,” referring to the mayor’s City Hall office.

Among the critics is former mayoral rival Paul Vallas in the 2023 mayoral election, and a former CEO of Chicago Public Schools, who in an editorial in the Chicago Tribune said that while King’s plan was good it did not say enough about the financial future of the schools. “It disappointingly avoids structural fixes - guaranteeing Chicago will face a similar budget crisis next year, The plan clearly elevates CTU priorities above student needs.”

Or, does it? Many in the media and across the city expected her to fully embrace, and be a rubber stamp of Johnson, but she hasn’t; and, in one key area she has also sidestepped a high interest loan to help CPS in her proposal, a factor that most believe brought down Martinez.

One sticking point is the $379 million payout payment plan that the district needs to pay to help cover the $175 million pension; and, the District wants the city to pay, fearing that if they don’t get the Tax Increment Financing money, there is an increased risk of a financial cliff, and as WBEZ reported:

“We are telling the city up front that we’re not going to pay this year, but we expect you to give us the money,” board member Emma Lozano said during Wednesday’s board meeting. “I think that we’re dreaming here. That’s not the way things work. And I’m hoping that there is another budget report that’s going to add the payment because I don’t see how this is going to work.”

Going back to the previous incarnation some members of the board are “demanding the school district’s budget include a controversial $175 million municipal pension payment,” in reality a reimbursement to the city.

It’s important to keep in mind that current debt servicing fees are at a hefty $1.06 billion per year and the TIF money cannot be guaranteed with city budget challenges.

This is tough sledding and the resulting donnybrook resulted in a letter from those board members to King further complicated matters in what, for the most part, was a well engineered plan to avoid dreaded classroom cuts.

Included in the demand is that any loan options “should be included as an option to be utilized only in the event it is necessary to avoid further cuts to the classroom.”

“The budget proposal reflects a total of $272 million in cuts, including to the district’s central office staff as well as custodial services, crossing guards, cafeteria staff, and more. Before Wednesday’s board meeting, SEIU Local 1, the union that represents some district custodians, held a protest against job cuts affecting its members. Custodians held mops and chanted “Keep schools clean” in front of district headquarters and decried the cuts, which they said blindsided their union and will result in dirtier school buildings.”  

On the other hand, the balancing act that brought this proposal has some key elements to help students increased money for special education students of $62 million and $7 million for bilingual services, and increased staff for principal, assistant principals, clerks and counselors, among other staffers; and, especially notable is a program to bring students back to school who have been absent for 12 to 18 months and the supportive services they may need. And, in all things considered the result is an $8.43 billion dollar operating budget.

Taking things further afield, Chalkbeat also reported, “At the Wednesday meeting, the district’s chief budget officer Mike Sitkowski said the proposal was informed by input from residents who urged the district to protect classroom instruction, resist more high-cost borrowing for operating costs, and forego the city pension reimbursement. The district is taking on $2.4 billion in new long-term debt to pay for maintenance of its aging school buildings. The new budget proposal includes $556 million in capital expenses.”

That, in and of itself, is a boon to an aging physical plant, despite the debt, and some residents remember when former Gov. Bruce Rauner, a Republican, described many Chicago schools as “crumbling prisons.”

While Vallas and others deride King for not planning for future deficiencies some say dealing with the present reality is fairer to students to not only continue the fiscal reality, but to try and tackle weakened test scores, despite improvements,

The mixed reaction from board members and others suggests that the heavy lifting is not over and the weeks ahead are going to be burdensome.

An American now heads the Catholic church as pope

The recent announcement in May that the Catholic cardinals, not a new baseball team at The Catholic University of America, but those cardinals selected to elect the next pope chose an American born prelate from the nation’s third largest city, Chicago, came as a shock to many observers, and those gathered in St. Peter’s Square, after hearing the announcement, turned to each other asking, “Who?”

Well that question was answered in the affirmative as Robert Francis Prevost, a 69 year old prelate who spent most of his leadership in Peru, but was a protege of the late Pope Francis, sharing most of his causes: care for immigrants, and migrants, care for the poor and those less fortunate in a global society, neatly clicked into place.

Prevost was the ultimate insider in the last remaining autocracy of the Western world, and was tasked with oversight of the selection of Catholic bishops, definitely not the humble parish priest of novels, but more of a kingmaker quietly ordering the pieces on the chessboard of ascendancy.

His American birth, while a shocker, is also key to not only the foci of Pope Francis, but also by extension a shift in the Vatican’s geopolitical worldview, one that had broad outlines from the late pontiff and whose worldview could only have an American as his successor.

Of course, there will be other interpretations attributing a stronger resume, relatively controversy free, etc. but all papal elections are unabashedly political, so the choice of an American seems deliberate.

As the US enters a new phase with the Trump administration, or Trump 2.0 as some in the media have coined it, many of the issues that have been centermost in both his campaign, and presidency, are now under an international microscope, and among them are issues close not only to Prevost’s ministry, but his heart; and, first and foremost the deportation of migrants and the treatment of immigrants, and images of international students in the US, being taken away in handcuffs, was certainly seen by him; and, in the past Prevost has remarked on these images with great concern, and even anger in social media.

According to CBS News, his most recent post was this: “in April, shared [a] commentary from a Catholic writer on Mr. Trump's meeting with Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele. The post called the deportation of Maryland resident Kilmar Abrego Garcia to El Salvador "illicit" and asked: "Do you not see the suffering? Is your conscience not disturbed? How can you stay quiet?"

Certainly, the late Pope Francis had similar concerns and when Catholic convert, Vice President JD Vance, misinterpreted St. Augustine, ordo amoris  in an online braggadocio with former  UK minister Rory Stewart saying that the famed Christian theologian put concern for others at the bottom of humanitarian concerns, and Francis hit back, forcefully, with a rebuttal in a letter to US Bishops, saying: “Christian love is not a concentric expansion of interests that little by little extend to other people and groups. In other words: the human person is not a mere individual, relatively expansive, with some philanthropic feelings!”  

Concerns about the role of women in the Catholic church, and especially its traditional handmaidens, religious sisters, the nuns, (a source of unpaid labor), has become problematic to earlier pontificates, such as that of Benedict XVI, who had American nuns investigated for doctrinal purity.

The battle for some women to become ordained ministers has been fought for decades, especially in Chicago, a hotspot for women's ordination in the 1980s; and, one where Catholic women publicly protested vehemently for their ordination rights. will now be examined in a new light, with this change of leadership.

A battle royal might ensue as Prevost is firmly against ordaining women and said, in 2023, to a group of journalists, "Something that needs to be said also is that ordaining women — and there's been some women that have said this interestingly enough — 'clericalizing women' doesn't necessarily solve a problem, it might make a new problem."

LGBT Catholics desperate for full recognition, and acceptance, thought that they had it, with Francis but as theologian Mary Hunt noted,”Francis proved that the most important role for a pope is as a symbol of unity, not a figure of authority”, writing at Religion Dispatches, and while he was hospitalized the “wheels of the Vatican continued to turn . . . and “disgracefully, many Catholic women, LGBTQIA+ people and those abused by clergy continued to be marginalized.”

Leo will definitely have to deal with the pleas of LGBT Catholics and their families for full acceptance, and as an American, despite dual citizenship with Peru, he will be more than passingly familiar with gay Catholics, and their advocacy group Dignity.

While Leo’s predecessor met with transgendered people, it seems that he does not feel comfortable with that group, and has lumped them, broadly speaking, along with those aligned with new gender norms under the banner of “gender ideology,” a term that seems undefined, and, “According to the LGBTQ+ media advocacy group GLAAD, "gender ideology is not a term transgender people use to describe themselves, it is an inaccurate term deployed by opponents to undermine and dehumanize transgender and nonbinary people," according to the CBS report.

St. Lous University theologian Elizabeth Sweeny Block told USA Today that, “He has condemned so-called ‘gender ideology’ repeatedly - a deeply problematic and derogatory phrase and one without clear definition.”

Prevost has said in the past that, “it is confusing because it seems to create genders that don’t exist, So God created man and woman, and the attempt to confuse ideas from nature will only harm families and people,” when he was interviewed by a Peruvian newspaper.

American Catholic women are a force to be reckoned with, and their voices are sure to be heard in his pontificate. Leo may follow the path of Francis in his treatment of women, and it’s worth noting what Massimo Faggioli, an ecclesiologist at Villanova University, said about his trajectory: following two paths, one that was preserving the old order, “alongside clear messages about the need for a new pastoral praxis,” and notably was, “heavily shaped by his formation. He was more prone to talking about ‘woman’ than listening to women.”

Women religious have said that Prevost listens carefully when they speak, and while he helped Francis include them as leaders in his role of helping to select bishops, it’s easy enough to listen when he had no intention of including them as ordained ministers.

Race, America's most intractable problem, seems to have taken hold of him, and especially in light of traditional segregation in his native Chicago, he offered his prayers for George Floyd, and said, “We need to hear more from leaders in the church, to reject racism and seek justice.”

Only time will tell how, as pope, Prevost will act, both within and without the Catholic Church, but as not only the administrative head, but as a global moral leader, his words and actions will have profound effects both in America, and the world.

Ill. Gov. wants Community Colleges to grant B.A. degrees

There was a distinct focus on education for Illinois when Gov. JB Pritzker announced a week ago, in his State of the State address, with two new proposals: one to allow community colleges in the state to offer four year baccalaureate degrees in select fields that would help bolster a workforce that might be compromised not only by the lack of that degree but those whose income, child and elder care responsibilities might affect that student population; but, also to enrich the employers that hire them, giving opportunities to both, and increasing the overall  state GDP.

Secondly, on that same agenda is a proposed ban on cellphones in “all public and charter school classes,” reported the Chicago Sun Times, and there are pending bills in both chambers of the statehouse, for the spring session.

It’s no secret that education is the path forward for many aspiring to the middle class, and the lack of that type of degree could be a hindrance in that progress; even allowing that the two year degree is advantageous in some areas, but as the workforce in America requires education beyond that, Pritzker’s proposal does have merit.

Banning cellphones in the classroom may be the harder lift for the governor, as anyone who has school age children, especially teenagers, know that they are tethered to their phones, night and day; along with their parents, and while it does have educational components, there are areas of concern: bullying using social media, text messages demanding attention away from the instructor, and losing interaction with other students.

Pritzker wants school leadership to come up with a plan that creates policies that ban them, but with some allowances for special education students, “health concerns or who are learning English could still use them when necessary, “said the Sun Times.

Taking a look at the community college proposal, this to perhaps many readers many come as a surprise, and also to learn that, “There are 24 states across the country that have this type of policy in place, including Indiana, Missouri and Michigan just in the Midwest,” said the Martin Torres, Pritzker’s deputy governor for education, in his interview with Capitol News Illinois, adding that the schools themselves have advocated for.

In identifying those high need areas, Torres also noted that there are 200 community colleges across the country who are doing this today,”

Areas of need include health care, early childhood education, and manufacturing, a few examples that he cited in the interview.

Approval would be required by the Illinois Board of Higher Education and the Illinois Community College Board.

"Expanding baccalaureate degree programs at community colleges increases access to affordable higher education, allowing more students to earn four-year degrees without the burden of excessive debt. This approach also helps meet workforce demands by equipping graduates with the skills needed in high-demand fields, ultimately strengthening local economies and communities," said Illinois Community College Board Executive Director Brian Durham. "

Tuition would be capped by the proposal at no “more than 150 % of their regular tuition for the third and fourth years of a four year program, making toi a real benefit to students who are older, needing to work, and “have personal logistics and circumstances that just don’t allow for them to up and move to wherever a four year public university may be,” added Torres.

“This is about access and opportunity,” said State Representative Katz Muhl. “Seventy-eight percent of community college students work while in school, making relocation impractical. By allowing community colleges to offer bachelor’s degrees, we’re giving more Illinoisans a real chance at upward mobility while strengthening the local workforce. I’m proud to support this initiative that puts students and communities first.” 

Of these, the governor said, “By allowing our community colleges to offer baccalaureate degrees for in-demand career paths, we are making it easier and more affordable for students—particularly working adults in rural communities—to advance their careers while strengthening our state’s economy.”  

It is important to note that In other remarks, Muhl added that 78% of community college students work, and that work is often in the communities they would study in and furthermore as Dr. Keith Cornille, President of Heartland Community College, said, they also “raise families hee, and contribute to the local community,” and through this expansion, “we’re meeting students where they are.”

Support for this, and giving a major push is “The Illinois Community College Trustees Association (ICCTA) [which] advocates for policies that strengthen community colleges and expand opportunities for students.”

And, as “the primary organization spearheading this initiative, ICCTA works closely with state legislators, education leaders, and industry partners to advance workforce-aligned degree pathways.” 

More importantly it is not known how public universities across Illinois might react, and the ball is in the court of the community colleges to decide how to pay “for any additional costs associated with the programs.”

Seeing successful efforts across the country seems to have bolstered Pritzker, and research shows that more than 24 community colleges across the country have done so, and specifically in such fields as health care, nursing, in particular, nut also information management, business and economics as well as traditional fields such as college instruction in English.

In a recent blog post from Georgetown University, The Feed, they noted that, “Students in California are no longer restricted to four-year institutions to pursue a bachelor’s degree, as an increasing number of the state’s 116 community colleges are offering four-year programs in specialized, high-demand fields, including dental hygiene, bio-manufacturing, and automotive technology, The Los Angeles Times reports. The relative affordability of community college bachelor’s degrees taps into a student population that otherwise wouldn’t attend a four-year college, experts say.

“If [students] want to do a bachelor’s degree, we should not have barriers. Period,” Sonya Christian, the chancellor of the California Community Colleges, tells the LA Times.

The move gained momentum and we have seen that,”Since 2014, California’s community colleges have offered four-year degrees through the Community College Baccalaureate Degree Program (CCB), which aims to provide accessible, affordable, and practical high-quality degrees to community college students. A 2021 law made the program permanent, allowing the state to approve up to 30 bachelor’s degree programs each academic year, as long as they do not duplicate those offered by the California State University and University of California systems. A total of 31 baccalaureate programs across 27 community colleges are either currently available to students or have been approved and will soon be offered, EdSource reports. Nationally, CCB degrees are now offered in 23 states and across 121 institutions, according to the Community College Baccalaureate Association.”

There is evidence, however, that there needs to be greater uniformity to ensure success for those students, and the CCBA has said in its 2023 report, supporting the effort, but did issue a cautionary note: “However, to date, there is no unified set of quality standards for community colleges seeking to confer baccalaureate degrees. Filling this void is critical due to the rapid expansion of CCB programs in the United States,” and added, “Further, CCB-conferring colleges need to demonstrate how these new pathways produce more equitable baccalaureate attainment outcomes for all student groups.

There may also be some bias against these institutions by some employers coupled with a bias towards students that are not traditionally aged learners.

Cost of course is a motivating factor in the Pritzker proposal and CCB did offer these considerations:

“Keeping the cost of college modest enough to enable students with limited socioeconomic resources to attend is an important goal of many CCB programs. Most states with CCB degree programs intentionally set tuition and fees for CCB degree programs at levels comparable to the tuition costs of other programs in the community college. There are three predominant tuition rate policies for CCB degree programs. First, community colleges set the upper division tuition rate at the same or very similar to lower division tuition, thereby keeping the tuition rate in the last two years consistent with the first two years of community college. This approach is used by states like Florida, Ohio, Oregon, and Wyoming.

A second approach to tuition rate policy is for states to specify that the upper division tuition rate can rise up to 150 percent of the tuition at the lower division level. California put this policy in state statute in 2014, and this policy remains law through new legislation expanding CCB programming in the state, “and Imitating California’s CCB bill, Arizona set upper division tuition rates at up to 150 percent of the lower division tuition rate of community colleges.”

They also cited that there is “A third approach is used in Washington, where the upper division tuition rate is set at a similar level as the state’s regional public universities, with the idea being students securing the upper division bachelor’s instruction should pay a similar rate regardless of whether they attend a regional public university or community college. This policy was adopted when the first CCB legislation was passed in Washington in 2005 when tuition rates were lower across the board. Washington is also a state with a community college tuition policy that allows students to move between community colleges without paying in and out of district tuition, giving students a great deal of flexibility of college attendance. Therefore, while the Washington tuition policy reflects a higher level of tuition and fees for CCB degree programs than in other states, the high level of competition among community colleges may help keep tuition rates competitive at both the associates and bachelor’s levels.”

Looking at the second Pritzker proposal that there should be a phone ban in all Illinois public and charter schools, has been met with a mixed bag of reactions, with some praising the governor, and even citing instances where there are bans has had some feeling that the focus on student and teacher interaction has been a gainsay, according to coverage in the Sun Times, but others have said, citing high schoolers that as the old adage states, where there's a will there's a way.

“If someone doesn’t want to do their work, they’re going to find a way not to do it,” said Esmerealda Oroczo, a senior at Farragut Center Academy in Chicago’s Little Village neighborhood where students are not “allowed to carry their cellphones in school.”

Some schools, in their bans, require students to put their phones in a locked bag, that only a teacher or administrator can open, but yet many students place a “burner” or prepaid phone in the bag, hiding their contract phones; and, these are smartphones that can access the internet and have camera and photo capabilities, plus the ubiquitous text messaging; and, all of which can be used to cyber bully other students and the dreaded sexting.

The story also cited a Pew Research study that said 72% of teachers said that students with access to phones was a “major problem”, yet despite some noting the positive results, one teacher’s assistant told us that taking a student’s phone away exposed her later to an angry parent, who told her, ‘I paid for the damn phone, give it back.”

For many students with care duties for younger relatives, living in, or attending schools in dangerous neighborhoods, phone access is a necessity, which leads to many exceptions, and discussions in the statehouse when these proposals are in committee.

Actions have consequences and Pritzker has said that enforcement might include fines, tickets or police actions.

Looking abroad, at about the same time that the governor made his proposal, Denmark, according to the BBC, said that they would have a similar ban, from their education minister, based on a government task force recommendation, “is set to ban smartphones in schools and after school clubs.”

While the details have not yet been released by their government, Mattias Tesfoye, Minister for Children and Education, said the ban would entail, “mobile phones and personal tablets will not be allowed at school, neither during break times nor during lessons.”

Preceding the Danish ban, the BBC noted it was based on “recommendations from a youth wellbeing commission,” to restrict  “the use of smartphones to those aged 13 and older.”